Project Summary
At an active commercial facility at 104 Dorsa Avenue in Livingston, New Jersey, historic chlorinated-solvent use impacted soil and groundwater beneath and around existing structures. Working with CTM Environmental Services, IET Inc. implemented an integrated chemical and biological treatment program from October 16–21, 2026. The application combined Provectus' Provect-IR®, supplemental zero-valent iron (ZVI), calcium propionate, nutrients and vitamins to address chlorinated solvents in the saturated zone.
The property remains in active commercial use, so the remedy was built around access rather than excavation. All work was performed from paved areas and narrow landscaped margins using direct-push delivery, with no interruption to facility operations.
Project at a Glance
19
Direct-push injection locations
8–22 ft
Targeted depth range, bgs
6,725 sq ft
Treatment footprint
5,850 gal
Reported reagent volume
A Constrained Footprint, A Defined Treatment Interval
Low-rise buildings, pavement and narrow landscaped margins constrained access. The subsurface is characterized by silt, sand and peat. The field implementation map shows a 6,725-square-foot footprint containing 19 injection locations (GTA-1 through GTA-19), targeting saturated soil and groundwater across an 8–22-foot depth range with a 10-foot estimated radius of influence.
| Compound | µg/L (ppb) | Compound | µg/L (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trichloroethene (TCE) | 200 | cis-1,2-Dichloroethene | 50 |
| Tetrachloroethene (PCE) | 1 | trans-1,2-Dichloroethene | 10 |
| Vinyl chloride | 20 | 1,1-Dichloroethene | 10 |
| Trichloroethane (TCA)* | 1 | Dichloroethane (DCA)* | 1 |
Values are design inputs from the proposal, not post-treatment results or verified site maxima. *TCA and DCA isomers are not specified.
Remedial Plan
The remedy used in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) with a supplemented biological component. The package addresses three needs at once: reactive iron for abiotic treatment, an electron-donor supply for anaerobic microorganisms, and the nutrients and cofactors needed to sustain their activity.
The field report's final summary records the applied totals below. Provect-IR® and supplemental ZVI are separate field-log entries; the ZVI mass is not an estimate of the iron contained within Provect-IR®.
| Material injected | Reported applied mass | Typical interval dose¹ |
|---|---|---|
| Provect-IR® | 5,700 lb | 50 lb |
| Calcium propionate² | 3,420 lb | 30 lb |
| Supplemental ZVI (1–3 µm) | 3,762 lb | 33 lb |
| Sodium sulfite² | 190 lb | 1.67 lb |
| Nutrient blend | 190 lb | 1.67 lb |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 8,897 g (8.897 kg) | 78.04 g |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | 1,281 g (1.281 kg) | 11.20–11.24 g |
| Red yeast rice | 27,042 g (27.042 kg) | 237.20–237.21 g |
¹Typical doses do not apply uniformly to GTA-15 and GTA-19. ²The field logs use “propionate” and “sulfite”; chemical identities follow the proposal. Totals retain the field summary's rounding.
Vertical Intervals and Field Adjustments
Standard log entries were 8–10, 11–13, 14–15, 16–18, 18–20 and 20–22 feet bgs; the third interval is recorded as 14–15 feet versus 14–16 feet proposed, and these discrete entries are retained as recorded. At GTA-15, three deeper intervals received reagent while the upper three dose entries are zero. Its remaining half-dose was transferred to GTA-19, where interval doses increased by 50%. Total reagent mixture volume is reported as approximately 5,850 gallons.
Field Implementation Sequence
Establish pathways and inject
Direct-push tooling and an enclosed injection system were used. Nitrogen was introduced at approximately 150 psi until a 10–20% pressure drop was observed, followed by slurry injection at approximately 100 psi. Typical interval batches used approximately 50 gallons of water.
Adjust flushing to the formation
Approximately 5–10 gallons of anaerobic rinse water followed each interval. Because silt, sand and peat could clog the nozzle, the report describes nitrogen purging at completion of each location rather than between intervals.
Respond to preferential flow
Reagent daylighting and communication with a well near GTA-15 were documented. Remaining GTA-15 amendments were moved to nearby GTA-19, changing local distribution while preserving the program-wide amendment totals.
Why This Combination
Each material serves a specific treatment function. Biological benefits depend on site conditions and the organisms present.
| Material | Role in the Treatment Program |
|---|---|
| Provect-IR® | Combines organic carbon and reactive iron with microbial support and methane-control components. Fermentation of its organic fraction supports a sustained donor supply, complementing abiotic treatment by iron. |
| Supplemental ZVI | Adds reactive metal for abiotic dechlorination. Corrosion of iron also generates hydrogen, linking chemical reduction with biological treatment. The logs identify a 1–3 µm material, logged separately from Provect-IR®. |
| Calcium propionate | Provides a fermentable electron donor. Syntrophic propionate conversion can generate acetate and hydrogen, supporting dechlorinators as well as their partner organisms. |
| Sodium sulfite | Consumes oxygen during preparation and delivery, helping preserve reducing conditions and limiting premature oxidation of reactive iron. |
| Nutrient blend | The proposal identifies urea and phosphate salts. Bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus prevent nutrient scarcity from limiting biomass growth. |
| Vitamin B12 | Supplies a corrinoid cofactor used by reductive dehalogenases; Dehalococcoides mccartyi relies on external corrinoids, supporting the later DCE and vinyl chloride treatment steps. |
| Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin is a precursor of FMN and FAD, cofactors used in cellular redox metabolism — metabolic support to the community rather than a substitute for B12. |
| Red yeast rice | Supplies a potential source of monacolin K (lovastatin), intended to suppress methanogenic competition for electron donor and limit methane production. |
Yeast extract is described in the proposal as a source of amino acids, peptides and growth factors but is not separately quantified in the field report. Kelp and EZVI are not identified as separate applied products.
PCE → TCE → DCE → vinyl chloride → ethene
Conceptual chlorinated-ethene reductive dechlorination sequence; individual steps depend on the organisms and enzymes present. Fermenting partner organisms supply hydrogen and carbon metabolites, while ZVI corrosion provides another potential hydrogen source.
Treatment Program Results
- Reagent delivered to all planned injection locations within a single six-day mobilization (October 16–21, 2026).
- Approximately 5,850 gallons of reagent mixture placed across 19 direct-push locations in a 6,725-square-foot footprint.
- Approximately 5,700 lb of Provect-IR® and 3,762 lb of supplemental ZVI delivered through six discrete vertical intervals from 8 to 22 feet bgs.
- Access limits managed through targeted interval dosing: GTA-15 received reagent only in its lower intervals, with the balance shifted to GTA-19 at a 50% increased interval dose.
- Treatment completed beneath and around occupied structures without excavation or facility shutdown.
| Parameter group | Analytes and purpose |
|---|---|
| Chlorinated ethenes | TCE, cis- and trans-DCE, 1,1-DCE, vinyl chloride, ethene and ethane tracked together |
| Geochemistry | pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, methane, sulfate, iron and volatile fatty acids |
| Microbiology (conditional) | Dehalococcoides mccartyi and vinyl chloride reductase genes (vcrA, bvcA) where daughter products persist |
| Performance evaluation | Post-injection analytical results were not supplied with the field report; removal and cleanup attainment are established through the monitoring program |
Implementation is complete; performance evaluation follows. Post-injection analytical results were not included with the field report, so contaminant removal, microbial response and cleanup attainment are not yet demonstrated for this site.
Project Details
- Location
- Livingston, NJ
- Site Type
- Active commercial facility
- Technology
- ISCR
- Product Used
- Contaminants
- TCE, PCE, cis-/trans-DCE, vinyl chloride (CVOCs)
- Treatment Area
- 6,725 sq ft — 19 direct-push locations
- Treatment Interval
- 8–22 ft bgs
- Application
- ~5,700 lb Provect-IR® + 3,762 lb ZVI
- ~5,850 gal reagent, direct push
- Implementation
- October 16–21, 2026
- Consultant
- CTM Environmental Services
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